Over the last few decades, there has been a concerted effort to improve and increase representation of diverse human experiences in fiction. If you’ve read even somewhat widely, you’ll likely have noticed this yourself. Such an effort is to be lauded - but the fiction landscape still has a way to go to be genuinely reflective of how people across a variety of spectra (race, gender expression, income status) think, feel, and act. Today’s essay looks at one axis - disability representation - through its presentation in one novel. Emilie Morscheck uses that novel (a retelling of Beauty and the Beast) to highlight positive changes in representation, and indicate where there are still changes to be made.

I first read The Lord of the Rings when I was 12 (long, long before the movies came out), and for a few years in my 20s I was One Of Those People who read it every year. It’s safe to say that when I first read it, I was completely ignorant of any sort of politics, both in our world and in Tolkien’s superbly realised Middle-earth. Reading Abby Roberts’ essay on how two of the nations in Middle-earth talk about themselves, and their history, was a reminder of the depth of Tolkien’s world-building, as well as a useful reminder of the power of such myth in our own lived experiences of politics and history and identity (looking at you, Australia, and the way you talk about 1788 and “Australia Day”). Even if you know nothing about The Lord of the Rings, I suspect you will nonetheless still find points that resonate in Roberts’ work.

I am not ashamed to admit that I am a tragic for TV police procedurals. Vera, Midsomer Murders, The Brokenwood Mysteries, Shetland - I love them. I do not, however, tend to go in for written procedurals. I’m not sure why, but they don’t work for me in the same way. Then I came across V.J Knipe’s work analysing the use of ‘forensics’ in science fictional and fantastic settings, and I was immediately captivated. Knipe approaches the question scientifically - there are graphs in the essay - and she brings out interesting points about what words get used to discuss forensic matters in the books she examines, as well as the comparative depths that different authors go to in their work.

This essay acts as something of a companion piece to Tansy Rayner Roberts’ piece from January (“Romantic Lead Balloons”). In that one, Roberts looks at some of the least romantic men in the Discworld novels - men who nonetheless are placed in (somewhat) romantic situations, with at least the suggestion that sex might happen. In this essay, she examines the apparent prohibition on Discworld wizards engaging in sexual intercourse. She looks at the various reasons presented across different novels for the prohibition, as well as suggesting her own theory. These range from fears of super-wizards to “urgh, girl cooties” to the possibility that wizarding might attract the sort of man who prefers scholarly over romantic pursuits.

In December, we had an essay from Dove Cooper about cosy fantasy and whether a novel (specifically Deerskin) with difficult themes can “count” as a cosy. In today’s essay, E.D.E Bell looks at further genre descriptors and what they might offer readers. In particular, she looks at descriptors like gentle and quiet: what they mean, what they tell us about the stories they’re applied to, and how using descriptors like these can expand our understanding of genre and help readers to find the sorts of books they want.

I had not heard of ‘quiet fiction’ before, but having read Bell’s discussion here I know I’ve read it - sometimes enjoying it, and sometimes finding it hard to fit into my understanding of genres, which is something that Bell herself discusses here. I am intrigued by Bell’s suggestions about using a continuum (eg Hopeful to Grim) as a way of talking about different modes in fiction. I hope you’ll find it intriguing, and that it gets you thinking about what sort of fiction you enjoy reading (or writing).

In today’s essay, Ng Yi-Sheng considers the question of representation - in particular, who gets to represent Southeast Asia in SFF publishing around the world, and what stories get told. Ng is Chinese Singaporean himself, and carefully discusses the place of ethnically Chinese authors in Southeast Asia in general, as well as what stories they tell and what that means for understandings of Southeast Asia in the broader world. He points to specific story examples from a range of countries within Southeast Asia, how they reflect and use cultural ideas.

Focused on Southeast Asia, the essay also speaks to the question of representation in general. After identifying some of the issues, Ng suggests a range of ways forward, depending on an individual’s position; there’s something pretty much everyone can do, if you’re interested.

According to Terry Pratchett, the answer is definitively “no”, as Tansy Rayner Roberts unpacks in her latest essay, “Romantic Lead Balloon” (a title which still makes me giggle, as one of those jokes that only works in the written form and would have made Pratchett himself proud, I’m pretty sure). Roberts looks at some of the men who experience some form of romance throughout the Discworld novels, and shows just how unromantic most of their experiences are… and comes up with a rather surprising example of genuine romance (I’m not spoiling it here, you’ll have to read to find out.) (No, it’s not Vimes.) I don’t read Pratchett for romance, and/but it was really interesting to realise just how Pratchett undercuts romantic expectations across a variety of characters and scenarios. Also, I haven’t read Pyramids in an awfully long time, so that might be a summer re-read.

You might remember that Nina Niskanen wrote an essay for Speculative Insight last year, about the problems she sees with cargo ships in space. For 2025’s first essay, she examines a different theme in science fiction: that of “found family.” This is something that I tend to love: the people who are thrown together in some way, or for some reason, who make a life together despite their differences. The different ways in which people can contribute, and the different variations of what family can be - that stuff is a delight. Niskanen looks at a range of works, and points out the similarities and differences in the ways they discuss ‘family’ and how those families work. And this does, of course, also speak to the real world.

I was one of those people who adored Legends and Lattes (by Travis Baldree) when it came out. Like many, I re-read a lot of comforting books and watched a lot of comforting TV during Melbourne’s extended lockdowns (although my comforting may not match anyone else’s… see: my re-watching of Fringe.) So I have found the ongoing discussions about “cosy fantasy” really interesting

In fact, I often find discussions of genre and categories fascinating (at least, when it’s coming from a place of love rather than hate…). In this essay, Dove Cooper looks at the relatively recently named sub-genre of cosy (or cozy) fantasy. In particular, Cooper interrogates the question of whether Robin McKinley’s 1993 novel Deerskin ‘counts’ as a cosy, given that it involves some difficult themes. In doing so, she explores what can be ‘allowed’ in a cosy fantasy, and what that says about the genre.

This month’s essay looks at the 2023 Hugo Novelette winner, Hai Ya’s “Space Time Painter.” Not translated into English as far as I (and the author of the essay, Christine Yunn-Yu Sun) know, this essay aims to discuss the story’s details, explain its connection to Chinese history and art, and put it in a wider science fictional context. Hai Ya’s story uses a significant period in the 11th century AD, and in particular two spectacular pieces of art, as central pillars of the narrative. Sun explores how Hai Ya uses those within his story of ghosts and apparent time travel.

Please note; we are aware that the 2023 Hugos had significant controversies. This is not the place to discuss those issues; this is an essay specifically examining this one story.

Why do authors bother to reference music in a written text? Sure, some references are ubiquitous in the time they’re published - but those are going to date as badly as adolescent slang. And what about inventing new songs or genres wholesale?

These are some of the questions addressed in this month’s subscriber essay by Mary Fan. Both a musician and an author, Fan looks at some instances of music in a variety of SFF settings, and then explores the reason for its existence in her own work.

In today’s essay, Tansy Rayner Roberts’ series on Pratchett’s Men takes us to the dark side. And even if you’ve never read a Discworld novel, I think you’ll find this analysis of what makes a villain - including ruthlessness, single-mindedness, and a certain flair for bureaucracy - insightful and intriguing. And a refection on the real world as well. Plus, of course, the age-old question: is Vetinari a villain?

I am one of the many people who fell in love with Gideon, and Gideon the Ninth, way back when it was published in 2019. A necromantic gothic lesbian space opera, it’s not to everyone’s tastes - and that’s okay! (And it just got weirder with Harrow the Ninth, and THEN there was Nona the Ninth … I can’t even imagine what the final (??) book, Alecto the Ninth, will do.) I do admit to being unable to really explain my love of the books. After all, most of the characters die - or at least seem to, ish - and the entire system of magic is necromancy, which is unpleasant. And that’s before you discover that God’s power came from destroying a planet. Enter Paula Aamli’s essay, and the concept of cosy catastrophe, and suddenly things started to make more sense. You see, I love watching disaster films, and I think it’s for the same reason. As Aamli notes, things are going completely sideways but nonetheless the characters have the opportunity and the wit to not be completely overwhelmed. Aamli explores the utility and joy of this experience in her essay, and it resonated very deeply with me.

In today’s essay, Amy Salley tackles a pressing modern issue: the question of cancellation and redemption. Beginning with what it looks like in fiction - when done well as well as when done badly - she then offers a way for us to think about redemption when we’re confronted by the bad behaviour of a beloved celebrity. This isn’t an easy topic, by any means, and it’s specifically about how we as science fiction and fantasy fans respond to creators who disappoint us (and not about personal experiences of such behaviour). I hope it will help readers to think through how to respond in future when there are, inevitably, more revelations about frustrating behaviour.

And I for one will never look at A Christmas Carol the same way again.

This month Tansy Rayner Roberts is back, with an essay about how Terry Pratchett writes about - and deconstructs - fantasy heroes, in an essay which may well change the way you think about modern portrayals of heroes, and especially superheroes, in general. She pulls apart some of Pratchett’s male characters who could potentially fit into the fantasy hero mould… but most of her energy is directed to Cohen the Barbarian, that cranky old man. It’s fair to say I had to go and re-read The Last Hero after reading this essay.

This month’s free essay is longer than the normal SI essay, but Rjurik Davidson just kept on adding fascinating ideas:

• Identity as narrative

• Time travel’s connection to the experience of, and coping with, trauma

• Life as a series of bets - and what it means when your opponent is yourself

• Individual history, agency… and time travel

• Large-scale history and time travel

… you get the idea. It’s a wild ride through psychotherapy, science fiction and theories of history. Yes, Marty McFly is discussed. We’re also reprinting a short story he wrote for the anthology The Time Traveler’s Almanac, “Domine” - depending on whether you read it before or after the essay, you’ll get a rather different experience.

Lee Murray is a New Zealand author, daughter of a New Zealand-born Chinese mother and a Kiwi-European father. I only mention this because her parents, and her upbringing, are relevant to her simultaneously personal and analytical essay, “The Curse of Culture and Context: Reflections of Madness in Speculative Fiction.” Murray uses examples from Korean, Chinese, Black American, Native American, and Māori writers to think about representations of mental health in speculative fiction. She looks at the connections between personal experiences, cultural expectations, and history, and how these things impact on - indeed, directly contribute to - a person’s mental health.

The essay contains, as may be apparent, explicit discussion of mental illness and the sometimes unhelpful reactions folks can experience. If this is something you’re not in the right space to read, come back to it later.

Solarpunk is a genre I have only recently become aware of. Indeed, it’s arguably beyond a literature genre and become a movement, focussed on real sustainability based in community action. In literature, I think the thing about solarpunk is that it’s hopeful - in particular acknowledging climate change and suggesting ways for humans to live with it, and mitigate it.

Phoebe Wagner’s essay this month looks at how American solarpunk stories use the motif of the garden, and how this harks back to biblical imagery as well as earlier American literature. It’s a challenge to authors to go beyond seeing the garden as an easy way of talking about sustainability. It’s also an excellent intro to the whole concept of solarpunk.

I am a sucker for folklore: I am endlessly fascinated by the stories we have told ourselves about the world. Maybe there’s a moral, maybe there’s not; maybe there’s a warning, or an explanation, or maybe it’s a weird little story that doesn’t seem to do anything other than make you look at the world a bit differently. This month’s subscriber essay is about Flemish folklore. (Flanders was a medieval territory which these days is split between Belgium, France, and the Netherlands; the Flemish language is a Dutch variant, and according to Wikipedia is spoken by ~60% of Belgians.) As an Anglo-Celt Australian, none of the stories told here are ones I know, although some certainly have familiar resonances. I won’t be letting any rabbits into my house (they’re anathema here anyway), and I’ll be keeping a close eye on my apple trees.

One of the things that Terry Pratchett has always done well is a large cast of characters. His stories generally have the key figures - Granny Weatherwax, Tiffany, Vimes - and a few secondary ones who are there throughout the narrative. But the Discworld is populated by a vast array of folks, and they are pretty much all interested in getting a share of page-time. In today’s essay, Tansy Rayner Roberts looks at Witches Abroad, and in particular examines the male supporting characters who help make the story work - even though, in some cases, they’re not actually on the page, and in most cases they don’t really get to talk. And two of them aren’t really men.